2015.10.22 - Week 6

A. Vocabularies to Know
1) epidemics: the appearance of a particular disease in a large number of people at the same time
2) tuberculosis: a serious disease which is infectious and can attack many parts of a person's body, especially their lungs
3) overcrowding: containing too many people or things
4) bacterium: a type of very small organism that lives in air, earth, water, plants and animals, often one which causes a disease
5) eum, ium- 框線起來的範疇
5-1) aquarium: a glass container in which fish and other water animals can be kept
5-2) millennium: a period of 1000 years, or the time when a period of 1000 years ends
5-3) equilibrium: a state of balance
6) retrospect: thinking now about something in the past
7) de- down, away from
7-1) departure: when a person or vehicle, etc. leaves somewhere
8) crim: sth. negative
8-1) indiscriminate: not showing careful thought or planning, especially so that harm results
9) advocate:  to publicly support or suggest an idea, development or way of doing something
10) relegate: unaware to go because they were sent
11) tentative:  (of a plan or idea) not certain or agreed, or (of a suggestion or action) said or done in a careful but uncertain way because you do not know if you are right
11-1) temporary: not lasting or needed for very long
12) para- 平行並立
12-1) paradise: a place or condition of great happiness where everything is exactly as you would like it to be
13) pri- 基本首要的
13-1) primary: more important than anything else; main
13-2) primitive:  relating to human society at a very early stage of development, with people living in a simple way without machines or a writing system
13-3) premium: an amount which is more than usual
14) succinct: said in a clear and short way; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words
15) anthropomorphism: the showing or treating of animals, gods and objects as if they are human in appearance, character or behaviour
16) nominate:  to officially suggest someone for an election, job, position or honour
16-1) nominee: someone who has been nominated for something
B. Pseudonym
A pseudonym is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which can differ from his or her original or true name. Pseudonyms include stage names, screen names, ring names, pen names, nicknames, aliases, superhero identities and code names, gamer identifications, and regnal names of emperors, popes and other monarchs. Historically they have often taken the form of anagrams, Graecisms, and Latinisations, although there are many other methods of choosing a pseudonym.
Pseudonyms are most usually adopted to hide an individual's real identity, as with writers' pen names, graffiti artists' tags, resistance fighters' or terrorists' noms de guerre, and computer hackers' handles. Actors, musicians, and other performers sometimes use stage names, for example, to mask their ethnic backgrounds.
In some cases, pseudonyms are adopted because they are part of a cultural or organisational tradition: for example devotional names used by members of some religious institutes, and "cadre names" used by Communist party leaders such as Trotsky and Lenin.
A pseudonym may also be used for personal reasons: for example, an individual may prefer to be called or known by a name that differs from their given or legal name, but is not ready to take the numerous steps to get their name legally changed; or an individual may simply feel that the context and content of an exchange offer no reason, legal or otherwise, to provide their given or legal name.
A collective name or collective pseudonym is one shared by two or more persons, for example the co-authors of a work, such as Ellery Queen, or Nicolas Bourbaki.